Operational amplifiers have a very broad range of application. This book focuses on the fundamentals which are applicable to many applications. All of the simulations and experiments demonstrate basic operational amplifier principles. The experiments may be easily modified and may serve as the basis for other applications.
This book may be used as a circuit design and application reference for hobbyists, experimenters, and students. It may also be used as a supplement to a college level operational amplifier course and laboratory. An understanding of electric circuit analysis, semiconductor devices, and college level algebra are pre-requisites for this book.
Simulation examples are presented using LTspice, a simulation program available as a free download from Linear Technology. TINA-TI, a simulation program available as a free download from Texas Instruments, is also introduced.
Experiments provided may be performed using a solder-less breadboard, inexpensive parts, a small power supply, and a digital or USB oscilloscope. Some experiments also require a function generator. The circuits are provided in their basic and simplest forms. The experimenter may modify and augment the circuits as needed for particular applications.


ISBN: 978-1-935422-15-0
Op-Amp Circuits
Chapter 6: Magnetic Applications
Project 5: Hall Effect Magnetometer
Project 7: Sensor Amplifier and Geophone damping
Chapter 7: Low Frequency Receivers
Project 8: ELF Receiver Design
Project 9: Broadband VLF Receiver Design
Project 10: Tunable VLF Receiver
Project 11: Gyrator Tuned VLF Receiver
Chapter 8: Photo-Resistor-Coupler Applications
Project 12: Photo-Resistor Opto-Coupler Simulation
Project 14: Voltage Controlled Oscillator
Project 15: Audio AGC and Compressor Circuits
RTC – 4.5-395 – Vertical Geophone
NSL-32 Photo-Resistor Opto-Coupler
ZX1 Photo-Resistor Opto-Coupler LTspice Model
ZX1A Photo-Resistor Opto-Coupler LTspice Model
ZX4 Photo-Resistor Opto-Coupler TINA-TI Model
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Chapter 1: Op-Amp Characteristics
Operational Amplifier: Open-Loop DC Model
Non-Inverting Amplifier Closed Loop Voltage Gain
Non-Inverting Op-Amp Input Impedance
Op-Amp Input Offset Voltage and Input Bias Currents
Inverting and Non-Inverting Amplifier Offset Current Error
Inverting and Non-Inverting Amplifier Offset Voltage Error
Differential Amplifier Noise Model
Chapter 2: Op-Amp Circuit Simulation
Simulation: Non-Inverting Amplifier
Simulation: Inverting Amplifier
Simulation: Offset Voltage and Offset Current
Simulation: Frequency Response and Noise
Simulation: Transient Response
Second Order Low-Pass Butterworth Filter
Second Order High-Pass Butterworth Filter
Infinite-Gain Multiple-Feedback Band-Pass Filter
Project 1: Variable Voltage Power supply
Project 2: Regulated Power Supply